A large proportion of sick children had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes （83.61%） and thymic dysplasia （21.31%）. Histopathological changes included edema of alveoli and interstitial substance, pneumorrhagia，shedding of alveolar epithelial cells, serous and （or） fibrous exudation in the alveoli, formation of viral inclusions, formation of transparent membranes, infiltration of inflammatory cells that mainly consisted of macrophages and lymphocytes in interstitial substance and alveoli. Viral infections often affected the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of children with viral pneumonia are difficult to notice, and because the immune systems of children are not fully developed and they have poor immunity, they can easily become severely ill and even die. Analyzing the forensic autopsies and the histopathological characteristics could provide reference for pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia.This contribution delves into the EU Regulation 2016/679 that defines the accountability of data controllers, with regard to the processing of personal data, and imposes the adoption of technological and organizational measures demonstrating a full commitment to European data protection laws. A risk-based analysis and an impact-based approach are recommended for all personal data, and especially those concerning health, in order to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subjects. The article also describes the processes that should be put in place to avoid errors and violations in the handling of personal data, which can result in physical, material or non-material damage to natural persons. The controller, in fact, needs to evaluate the situation carefully and follow a series of compulsory steps to assess any potential weaknesses in the system. A balancing act between public health concerns and privacy protection is necessary; this can be obtained through a detailed analysis of the norms and their careful implementation.The use of a preoperative echocolordoppler improves the clinical evaluation because provides anatomical and hemodynamic information that make it an important tool in planning vascular access strategy. The preoperative ultrasound study of the vessels can significantly reduce the failure rate and the incidence of complications of vascular access. We describe the experience of our center, lasting 10-year, where the ultrasound assessment was performed in all patients before the creation of vascular access. Indeed, ultrasound reduces the rate of fistula failure and increases the utilization of fistula, allowing proper selection of vessels. In addition, the presence of the vascular access team has allowed us to achieve quite satisfactory results.Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is common among hemodialysis (HD) patients and is an important component in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). We herein report our experience on the impact of cholecalciferol supplementation on PTH levels in a group of HD patients. Patients and methods We selected 122 HD patients. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cl-387785-eki-785.html The main selection criteria were 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels ?30 ng/mL and SHPT defined as PTH levels &gt;300 pg/mL or PTH levels between 150-300 pg/mL during therapy with cinacalcet or paricalcitol. 82 patients agreed to receive cholecalciferol at the fixed dose of 25,000 IU per week orally for 12 months, while the remaining 40 represented the control group. The main endopoints of the study were the reduction in PTH levels ?30% compared to baseline values and the increase of 25(OH)D levels to values &gt;30 ng/mL. Results At follow-up PTH levels decreased in the supplemented group from 476 ±293 to 296 ± 207 pg/mL (p less then 0.001), 25(OH)D levels increased from 10.3 ± 5.7 to 33.5 ± 11.2 ng/mL (p less then 0.001), serum calcium increased from 8.6 ± 0.5 to 8.8 ± 0.6 mg/dL (p less then 0.05) while serum phosphorus did not change. In this group the mean doses of paricalcitol were significantly reduced, from 8.7 ± 4.0 to 6.1 ± 3.9 ?g/week (p less then 0.001). Moreover, in this group there were a significant increase of hemoglobin levels, from 11.6 ± 1.3 to 12.2 ± 1.1 g/dL (p less then 0.01) and a significant reduction of erythropoietin doses (p less then 0.05). In the control group the 25(OH)D and PTH levels did not change, while cinacalcet doses increased from 21 ±14 to 43 ± 17 mg/d (p less then 0.01). Conclusions Vitamin deficiency is very common in HD patients. Cholecalciferol treatment significantly increased serum 25(OH)D levels, significantly decreased PTH levels and paricalcitol doses, concurrently entailing a better control of anemia.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent monogenic kidney disease, alone responsible for over 10% of patients with end-stage renal disease, and with an important impact on public health. Tolvaptan (TOLV) has recently been approved in many European countries for its ability to slow disease progression in patients that are eligible for treatment. Nevertheless, the doctor's choice to prescribe the drug and the patient's compliance are strongly influenced by the aquaretic effect complications. In a cohort of patients pertaining to the Nephrology clinic of the AOU Federico II of Naples and treated with TOLV, we assessed not only the adherence to the treatment and the safety of the drug, but also the real feasibility of this therapy through specific questionnaires on sleep quality, abdominal-renal pain, quality of life and patients' general satisfaction. Within the limits of preliminary data and on the basis of the responses of our population, followed for a period of at least one year and administered the maximum titration dosage, it can be asserted that the doubts regarding the real compliance of the patients can be overcome.The follow-up automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients has been recently improved as data can be transmitted remotely to an internet cloud. The introduction of remote patient monitoring (RPM) technologies also allows a better clinical control and tailoring of dialysis treatment through a web-based software (Claria-Sharesource Baxter). The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of RPM in a single center, both in clinical and organizational terms, compared to traditional technologies. We studied 26 prevalent APD patients aged 69±13 years, observing them for a period of six months while using the traditional technology and then further six months using the new technology. The patients had been on dialysis for 9 months before the start of the study and a relevant portion of them lived in mountainous or hilly areas. Our study shows an increase in the number of proactive calls from the center to the patients, a reduction of anxiety in patients and caregivers, an earlier detection of clinical problems, a reduction of unscheduled (urgent) visits and finally a reduction of hospitalizations after the adoption of RPM software.